Ethernet

Ethernet is a widely used technology for local area networks (LANs) that facilitates the connection and communication of devices within a specific geographical area. First developed in the 1970s by Xerox, Ethernet has evolved significantly over the decades, becoming a standard protocol for wired networking. At its core, Ethernet defines the physical and data link layers of the network architecture. It specifies how devices on a LAN can format and transmit data packets, enabling reliable communication between computers, printers, routers, and switches. Ethernet operates using various media, including twisted pair cables, fiber optics, and coaxial cables, with varying speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps and beyond. Ethernet employs a method called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) to manage data transmission and minimize packet collisions. As a robust and scalable technology, Ethernet is fundamental to modern networking, supporting not just traditional LANs but also more complex configurations such as Wide Area Networks (WANs) and data centers. Its reliability, speed, and ease of use have made it the backbone of most enterprise and home networking environments today.